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What is dielectric constant

2026-01-25 11:22:27 mechanical

What is dielectric constant

Dielectric Constant, also known as permittivity or relative permittivity, is a physical quantity that describes the polarization ability of dielectric materials in an electric field. It is an important parameter to measure the efficiency of materials in storing electrical energy and is widely used in electronics, communications, materials science and other fields. This article will combine the hot scientific and technological topics of the past 10 days to provide a structured analysis of the definition, influencing factors and applications of dielectric constant.

1. Definition and formula of dielectric constant

What is dielectric constant

Dielectric constant (εr) is defined as the absolute dielectric constant (ε) of the dielectric material and the vacuum dielectric constant (ε0), the formula is as follows:

formulaεr=ε/ε0
Vacuum dielectric constant ε08.854×10-12F/m

2. Factors affecting dielectric constant

Research hot spots in the past 10 days show that the dielectric constant is significantly affected by the following factors:

factorsInfluence mechanismTypical data
FrequencyPolarization hysteresis at high frequencies leads to εrfallε at 1kHzr=5 → ε at 1GHzr=3
temperatureIncreased temperature intensifies thermal motion of moleculesε at 25℃r=4.5 → ε at 100℃r=3.8
Material structurePolar molecular materials εrhigherWater(εr=80) vs paraffin(εr=2)

3. Recent popular application cases

According to technology media reports in October 2023, dielectric constant has made new progress in the following fields:

Application areastechnological breakthroughRelated materialsεr
5G communicationLow dielectric constant substrate materialPTFE composite materialεr=2.2-3.5
New energy batteryHigh dielectric electrolyte designsolid electrolyte εr>15
Flexible electronicsTunable dielectric elastomerSilicone rubber epsilonr=2.8-12(adjustable)

4. Measuring method of dielectric constant

New measurement technologies were reported at recent IEEE conferences:

methodPrincipleAccuracy
parallel plate methodMeasure capacitance changes±0.05
resonance methodUsing LC resonant frequency±0.01
Terahertz time domain spectroscopyPulse reflection analysis±0.005

5. Future development trends

Combined with the latest Nature paper prediction:

1.smart materials: Metamaterials whose dielectric constant can be controlled in real time will become the key to 6G communications

2.biomedicine: Tumor early detection technology based on dielectric properties has entered clinical trials

3.Quantum computing: Ultra-low dielectric loss material (εr<1.5) R&D acceleration

Summary

As a core parameter of dielectric materials, the research and application of dielectric constant are deepening with the development of new material technology. It can be seen from recent hot spots that its innovative applications in high-frequency communications, energy storage and other fields will continue to promote the upgrading of related industries.

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